Abdominal Pain
Abdominal pain is discomfort felt anywhere between the chest and the groin, often called stomach ache or tummy pain. It is very common and usually caused by minor, temporary problems such as indigestion or trapped wind. Most cases ease on their own, though certain symptoms warrant prompt medical attention.
What Is Abdominal Pain?
What is abdominal pain?
Abdominal pain is any discomfort felt in the area between the lower chest and the groin, commonly called the stomach or tummy. It can range from a dull ache or cramping to sharp or burning pain, and may be constant or come and go. This region contains many organs, so pain can have several different sources.
Is abdominal pain common, or ever normal?
Abdominal pain is very common, and nearly everyone has it from time to time. Brief discomfort from overeating, trapped wind, indigestion, or a passing stomach upset is usually normal and harmless. Such pain typically settles within hours or a day or two. Pain that is severe, persistent, or worsening, however, deserves closer attention.
Possible Causes
What commonly causes abdominal pain?
Most abdominal pain comes from minor digestive issues such as indigestion, trapped wind, constipation, or a stomach bug (gastroenteritis). Period-related cramps, stress, food intolerances, and overeating are also frequent causes. These usually improve on their own. Less commonly, pain relates to conditions affecting the gut, urinary system, or other abdominal organs.
Does the location of the pain matter?
Yes, where the pain sits can hint at its cause. General or central tummy pain often relates to digestion, while pain low down may involve the bladder, bowel, or reproductive organs. Pain on the lower right side, in particular, can sometimes signal appendicitis. Doctors use the location alongside other symptoms to guide assessment.
Care and Treatment
How is the cause of abdominal pain found?
A doctor explores the cause by asking where the pain is, how it feels, what makes it better or worse, and about other symptoms like fever, vomiting, or changes in bowel habits, followed by gently examining your abdomen. Many cases need no tests, but blood, urine, or imaging studies may be arranged when warranted.
How is abdominal pain managed or treated?
Treatment depends on the cause. Mild pain from indigestion or a stomach bug often eases with rest, fluids, and bland foods, allowing the body to recover. Constipation may improve with more fibre and water. Period cramps may respond to warmth and rest. Ongoing or unexplained pain should be reviewed so the right treatment can be given.
When To See a Doctor
When is abdominal pain an emergency?
Seek emergency help if abdominal pain is sudden and severe, the abdomen is rigid or very tender to touch, or pain comes with vomiting blood, passing blood, a high fever, difficulty breathing, or signs of dehydration. Pain after a significant injury also needs urgent care. In these situations, contact your local emergency services immediately.
When should I see a doctor about abdominal pain?
Make an appointment if abdominal pain lasts more than a few days, keeps returning, or comes with ongoing changes such as weight loss, persistent diarrhoea or constipation, or blood in your stool. Also see a doctor if pain disrupts daily life or worries you. A clinician can identify the cause and recommend appropriate care.
Additional Common Questions
How do I know if my stomach ache is just indigestion or something serious?
Indigestion usually causes mild burning or discomfort that passes within hours and is linked to eating. Pain that is severe, constant, worsening, or paired with fever, vomiting, or blood should be checked by a doctor promptly.
Can stress cause stomach pain?
Yes. Stress and anxiety can affect digestion and trigger cramping, discomfort, or changes in bowel habits in many people. Persistent symptoms are still worth discussing with a clinician.
Is it normal to have abdominal pain during my period?
Mild to moderate cramping during periods is common and usually normal. However, pain that is severe, getting worse over time, or interfering with daily life should be assessed by a doctor.
This health topic is for general information and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified clinician about your individual situation. See our medical disclaimer.