X-ray
An X-ray is a quick, painless imaging test that uses a small amount of ionising radiation to create pictures of the inside of your body. It is especially good at showing bones and is widely used to check for fractures, infections, and certain conditions of the chest and other areas.
Overview
What is an X-ray?
An X-ray is a fast and painless test that uses a low dose of ionizing radiation to produce 2D images, where dense structures like bone appear white and softer tissues appear darker. It is one of the oldest and most common imaging tests, used in clinics and hospitals around the world.
Why is an X-ray done?
X-rays are most often used to look at bones and joints, for example to check for a broken bone, signs of arthritis, or an infection. They are also used to examine the chest for heart and lung conditions, to find swallowed objects, and to guide some procedures. Because they are quick and widely available, X-rays are often the first imaging test ordered.
Test Details
How do I prepare for an X-ray?
X-rays usually need little or no preparation. You can normally eat and drink as usual, but you may be asked to remove jewellery, glasses, and any clothing with metal, and to change into a gown. The most important thing is to tell staff if you are or might be pregnant, as they will take extra care to protect the baby from radiation.
What happens during an X-ray?
A radiographer positions the part of your body being examined between the X-ray machine and a detector. You will be asked to keep still, and sometimes to hold your breath for a chest X-ray, while the image is taken in a fraction of a second. The process is completely painless, and you may need pictures from more than one angle, but the whole visit usually takes just a few minutes.
Results and Follow-Up
What happens after the test, and what do the results show?
You can return to your normal activities straight away after an X-ray. The images are reviewed by a radiologist, who prepares a report for your doctor; in urgent situations the result may be available very quickly. The results can show a fracture, signs of infection or disease, or confirm that an area is healthy, and your doctor will explain the findings and any next steps.
Additional Common Questions
Is the radiation from an X-ray harmful?
An X-ray uses a very small dose of ionising radiation, often comparable to the natural radiation we receive over a short period of everyday life. The risk is very low, and the benefit of an accurate diagnosis usually outweighs it.
How long does an X-ray take?
An X-ray is very quick. Taking each image lasts only a moment, and the whole appointment is usually finished within a few minutes.
Can I have an X-ray if I am pregnant?
Always tell staff if you are or could be pregnant. X-rays are sometimes avoided or carefully shielded during pregnancy, and your care team will choose the safest approach for you and your baby.
This health topic is for general information and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified clinician about your individual situation. See our medical disclaimer.