PSA Test
A PSA test is a simple blood test that measures the level of prostate-specific antigen, a protein made by the prostate gland. It is used to help check prostate health and can raise or lower concern about conditions such as prostate enlargement, infection, or prostate cancer. It does not use radiation.
Overview
What is a PSA test?
A PSA test is a blood test that measures the amount of prostate-specific antigen, a protein produced by the prostate gland in men. The level is reported as a number, and higher amounts can suggest that something is affecting the prostate. The test is a starting point rather than a definitive diagnosis on its own.
Why is a PSA test done?
A PSA test may be done to investigate urinary symptoms, such as needing to pass urine more often, or as part of a discussion about checking for prostate cancer. A raised level can be caused by prostate cancer, but also by a larger prostate, infection, or recent activity. The result helps decide whether further tests are needed.
Test Details
How do I prepare for a PSA test?
No fasting is needed, but certain things can temporarily raise your PSA level and are best avoided for a day or two beforehand. These include vigorous exercise, cycling, ejaculation, and procedures involving the prostate or bladder. Tell your doctor about any recent urinary infection. Following this advice helps give a more accurate reading.
What happens during a PSA test?
The test is a routine blood sample. A healthcare professional places a small needle into a vein, usually in your arm, and draws a little blood into a tube. You may feel a quick scratch or sting, and the sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis. The whole process takes only a few minutes.
Results and Follow-Up
What happens after the test, and what do the results show?
Your blood sample is analysed and the PSA level is compared with what is typical for your age. A normal result is reassuring but does not completely rule out a problem, and a raised result does not confirm cancer. Depending on the level and your symptoms, your doctor may repeat the test or arrange further checks such as a scan or biopsy.
Additional Common Questions
Does a high PSA level mean I have cancer?
Not necessarily. PSA can rise for many reasons, including a larger prostate, infection, or recent exercise. A raised level usually means further tests are needed to find the cause.
Does a PSA test use radiation?
No. A PSA test is a blood test and does not involve any radiation. It simply requires a small sample of blood from a vein.
Can a normal PSA result rule out prostate cancer?
A normal result is reassuring but cannot fully rule out cancer, as some prostate cancers do not raise PSA. Your doctor weighs the result together with your symptoms and risk.
Sources
This health topic is for general information and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified clinician about your individual situation. See our medical disclaimer.